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新加坡工业

From:互联网 | author:kongjiangauto | Release :2021-11-22 | 276 view: | Share:
出于信息不对称而造成不了解实情的现象屡见不鲜,比如中国人对新加坡的错误印象就很多,令人啼笑皆非,哥挑几个来讲。先讲第一个。 
  “新加坡没有第二产业”“没有制造业”“没有工业”“光靠炒房地产炒股票”“靠转口贸易”“原来靠洗钱,现在靠赌场”“靠收过路费”“新加坡是发展中国家”云云,屡见不鲜。 

  真实情况如何呢?大相径庭! 

  先看宏观层面。 

  二产比重。世行、IMF、联合国、CIA等机构数据显示,新加坡第二产业比重占GDP27%左右,和德日相同,高于英法美(20%左右),远高于香港(6%左右),低于中国印尼(45%左右)、沙特(60%左右)。以城市计算,新加坡第二产业比重高于东京、纽约、伦敦、巴黎(10%出头),亦高于北京(20%出头)。把新加坡搁日本,它也是神奈川县、千叶县的水平,强过东京、弱过爱知县;搁美国,它也是休斯顿的水平。 

  制造业比重。第二产业包括采矿业、建筑业、公用事业(水电煤气生产)和制造业四大部分。具体到制造业占GDP比重,中国2011年为30.6%,德日美2010年依次为20.9%、19.5%、13.2%,香港为1%左右,而新加坡为20.4%,同样强过美国、与德日比肩。大家可能注意到中国的二产产值与制造业产值之差比较大,想必都花在建筑业上了,中国使用了世界一半水泥恰好能解释。与此相反,新加坡的二产主要都是制造业而非建筑业,再考虑下新加坡房价低于京沪你就知道究竟谁才是真正把房地产当支柱产业来抓。

  产业群。新加坡制造业有四大支柱产业:石化、电子业、机械制造、生物医药。世界第三大炼油中心和石化中心。 

  再看微观层面。 

  高端海洋装备制造业。新加坡占据了全球钻井平台行业7成市场份额,与钻油船占世界主导地位的韩国共同霸占了海上钻油业。中国、日本、欧美国家都靠边站。香港特首梁振英曾担任新加坡某钻井平台制造商的非执董事,他大力主张香港学新加坡,显然因为他很了解港新差距。 

  宇航工业。新加坡年产250台RD900和RD1000航空发动机,用于A380和B787飞机。新科宇航公司在新加坡和苏州生产航空发动机叶片、机身、起落架等部件,并且是全球*大的飞机维修企业,其入驻上海使中国终结了大飞机必须出国维修的尴尬历史,其联合研制了EC120直升机,在夭折的中国大飞机AE100项目中占股15%,并改装了多款欧美飞机。新加坡发射过国产卫星,未来两年将送宇航员进入太空,宇航工业已获国家战略支持。 

  化工业。亚洲石油定价中心不在东京、迪拜、上海而在滴油不产的新加坡,原因就在于新加坡是唯一具备金融中心与炼油中心双中心的亚洲城市。甚至产油大国伊朗都从新加坡进口成品油。新加坡炼油量7000万吨,若包括在建和规划则高达1亿吨,旗下能称为世界*大炼油厂之一的厂子就有3个。乙烯年产量是中国的几分之一。投资额4亿欧元的氯丁橡胶产量比中国还多,中国从日韩新大量进口。 

  军工业。新加坡军队装备的武器中除了豹2、阿帕奇、预警机、AIP潜艇、F15/16/35是进口,其余均为国产,其中包括两栖登陆舰Endurance-class landing platform dock,可畏级多功能隐形护卫舰,装甲车Bionix、Bronco和Terrex,榴弹炮FH-88、FH-2000、SLWH Pegasus和SSPH Primus ,反坦克炮MATADOR,枪支SAR-80、SR-88、Ultimax 100、CIS 40 AGL、CIS 40 GL、CIS 50MG、SAR-21、ST Kinetics CPW 。新加坡研发并装备了世界上第一种可使用直升机空运的155毫米自行榴弹炮伽索斯,采用钛和铝合金,并且具备美国M777超轻型榴弹炮不具备的自走功能,极其适合山地部署,传言印度欲采购其部署中印边境。世界上第一门装备部队的52倍口径155毫米牵引式榴弹炮——新加坡国产FH一2000。新加坡向英国出口了一百多辆野马全地形战车用于阿富汗战场,是亚洲国家首次出口武器到西欧国家。新加坡向印度、印尼等国家出口了大量武器。顺便一提,新加坡出兵参加了阿富汗战争,其军队长期部署于美国、澳大利亚、台湾,每年还在德国、新西兰、泰国、印尼、印度军演,可谓全球驻军。 

  电子业。以城市计,新加坡是仅次于台湾新竹的世界第二大半导体生产中心,以国家计则为全球第六大,新加坡特许半导体是全球第三大半导体公司。硬盘全球产量曾为世界三分之一。整个电子业产值占制造业产值26%。伟创力是以新加坡为全球总部的世界五百强,与富士康平起平坐。 

  生物医药业。新加坡是亚洲的生物医药中心,世界医药业巨头都在此有大工厂,一个厂就投资数亿美元很普遍。 

  精密工程业。轴式自动插件机(60%)和家用冰箱压缩机(10%)等领域的全球市场上占据了较大份额。此外,新加坡还是全球领先的油气设备生产国。从业人员约达101000人,精密工程业占本国制造业产值的10% 

  食品制造业。世界五百强新加坡丰益国际是世界*大的粮食、食用油及农产品供应商,其生产的金龙鱼食用油深入每个中国家庭。新加坡本地还有东南亚的两大饮料业巨头F&N和YEO。 

  水务业。新生水厂、海水淡化厂、自来水厂方面,新加坡拓展到了几十个国家上百个城市。 

  工程车辆制造业。新加坡国有企业新科动力在美国和中国生产挖掘机、水泥罐车、干货有棚货车、保温与冷藏车等。 

  太阳能业。挪威再生能源集团(REC)投资约63亿元新币在新加坡建造全球规模*大、专门生产太阳能的综合生产厂。正式竣工后,该生产厂每年生产的太阳能晶圆、电池和组件将达1.5亿瓦(GW)。中国的天合光能在新加坡设立亚太区总部,称新加坡能规避政治风险;正在破产的无锡尚德跟新加坡也蛮有渊源,不仅位于无锡新加坡工业园,而且施正荣家族信托位于新加坡,其企业本来打算在新加坡上市。新加坡**把近万栋居民楼顶都装上光伏发电。 

  内需型制造业。钢铁厂、水泥厂、啤酒厂,这些制造业新加坡都有,而且还是净出口,但没有当做支柱产业来抓,所以产量不大。 

  公用事业(水电煤气生产)。这玩意儿属于二产,但不属于制造业,新加坡全有,而且产量大大的过剩,如发电站产能是用电量的2倍,根本吃不饱,用电大户的电价实行市场自由定价,参见新加坡电力改革。
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