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西门子PLC 维修的几点常识

From:互联网 | author:kongjiangauto | Release :2021-11-22 | 357 view: | Share:
西门子PLC 维修的几点常识
西门子PLC 维修CPU 板是PLC 中的重要部位，就好比人的脑部，通常也是维修中*棘手
的。
1.CPU 元件：CPU 坏了的话就会导致PLC 报警（SF 灯就会亮）输入输出点不正常，通讯
跟不上的故障现象。损坏的原因通常是瞬间供电过高，老化等，可以买相关配件更换。
2.ROM 这个是PLC 中的系统程序，实现指令的解释，报警处理等等，若这里面的数据发
生了丢失就会引起开不了机，报警灯。在西门子PLC 维修中，ROM 发生的故障占的比例是很
大，若我们有备份保存的话，可以重刷一次。
3.RAM 存蓄工作数据的地方实现掉电数据保持。
4.运行指示灯：这个是判断西门子PLC 是否正常运行的主要依据，若西门子PLC 在正常
运行的话是绿灯亮的，停止是只有黄灯亮的，如果红灯亮了就是西门子PLC 发生故障了。
西门子PLC 编程中使用中断应该注意以下几点
1.中断程序中可以调用子程序累加器和逻辑堆栈式的存蓄器在中断程序和被调用的子
程序中都是共用的。
2.中断程序和主程序下数据是可以共享的中断程序虽说是可以共享的，但是我们要注意
的是中断事件中事情异步特性的因数影响，来解决共享数据的一致性问题，在中断事件中主
程序执行的任何一个地方都是有可能出现的。
3.通信接口的中断PLC 的串行通信口是可以有梯形图或者语句表程序控制的。通信口的
这种操作模式称为自有端口的模式。在自由的情况下，就可以用程序定义波特率，每个字节
的位数等等，在执行主程序的过程中，申请中断，才能定义自由端口模式，利用接收和发送
中断可以简化程序对通信的控制。
4.I/O 中断I/O 中断包括上升或下降沿中断，告诉计数器中断和脉冲串输出中断。
S7-200CPU 用输入I0.0~I0.3 的上升或下降产生了中断，则发生的事件被输入端子捕获，这
样的上升沿或者下降可被用来指示当某个事件发生时必须引起注意的条件。
5.时基中断
6.中断的优先级和排队
7.中断的限制
8.中断程序编程步骤
西门子PLC 系统故障的分类与诊断
1、外部设备故障外部设备就是与实际过程直接联系的各种开关、传感器、执行机构、
负载等。这部分设备发生故障,直接影响系统的控制功能。
2、系统故障这是影响系统运行的全局性故障。系统故障可分为固定性故障和偶然性故
障。故障发生后,可重新启动使系统恢复正常,则可认为是偶然性故障。重新启动不能恢复而
需要更换硬件或软件,系统才能恢复正常,则可认为是固定故障。
3、硬件故障这类故障主要指系统中的模板(特别是I/O 模板)损坏而造成的故障。这类
故障一般比较明显,影响局部。
4、软件故障软件本身所包含的错误,主要是软件设计考虑不周,在执行中一旦条件满足
就会引发。在实际工程应用中,由于软件工作复杂、工作量大,因此软件错误几乎难以避免。
对于可编程控制器组成的控制系统而言,绝大部分故障属于上述四类故障。根据这一故障分
类,可以帮助分析故障发生的部位和产生的原因。
5、可编程控制器的自诊断测试可编程序控制器具有极强的自诊断测试功能,在系统发生
故障时要充分利用这一功能。在进行自诊断测试时,都要使用诊断调试工具,也就是编程器。
6、利用系统功能进行诊断测试利用可编程控制器本身所具有的各种功能,自行编制软件、采
取一定措施、结合具体分析确定故障原因。用户通过程序可以编辑组织块,来告诉CPU 当出
现故障时应如何处理,如果相应的故障组织块OB 没有编程,当出现该故障时,CPU 转到“STOP”
状态。以上就是西门子PLC 系统一些故障分类。
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